This second part of the seminar continues the exploration, from various philosophical perspectives, of what is offered for reflection in the events of uprisings, insurrections, revolutions. After working on the Ancients and the beginning of modernity in 2020, this year’s seminar will focus on the contribution of communist or anarchist thinkers from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. It retains as a background or horizon the notion of emancipation and its various philosophical variations. A question haunts this seminar: How can a state remain or become democratic while promoting change beyond already accepted legal processes?